513 lines
16 KiB
HTML
513 lines
16 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8" />
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<meta name="generator" content="pandoc" />
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<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=EDGE" />
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
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<meta name="author" content="Brodie Gaslam" />
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<title>ANSI CSI SGR Sequences in Rmarkdown</title>
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<script>// Pandoc 2.9 adds attributes on both header and div. We remove the former (to
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// be compatible with the behavior of Pandoc < 2.8).
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document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(e) {
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var hs = document.querySelectorAll("div.section[class*='level'] > :first-child");
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var i, h, a;
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for (i = 0; i < hs.length; i++) {
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h = hs[i];
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if (!/^h[1-6]$/i.test(h.tagName)) continue; // it should be a header h1-h6
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a = h.attributes;
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while (a.length > 0) h.removeAttribute(a[0].name);
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}
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});
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</script>
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<style type="text/css">
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code{white-space: pre-wrap;}
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span.smallcaps{font-variant: small-caps;}
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span.underline{text-decoration: underline;}
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div.column{display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 50%;}
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div.hanging-indent{margin-left: 1.5em; text-indent: -1.5em;}
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ul.task-list{list-style: none;}
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</style>
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<style type="text/css">
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code {
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white-space: pre;
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}
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.sourceCode {
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overflow: visible;
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}
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</style>
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<style type="text/css" data-origin="pandoc">
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pre > code.sourceCode { white-space: pre; position: relative; }
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pre > code.sourceCode > span { line-height: 1.25; }
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pre > code.sourceCode > span:empty { height: 1.2em; }
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.sourceCode { overflow: visible; }
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code.sourceCode > span { color: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; }
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div.sourceCode { margin: 1em 0; }
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pre.sourceCode { margin: 0; }
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@media screen {
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div.sourceCode { overflow: auto; }
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}
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@media print {
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pre > code.sourceCode { white-space: pre-wrap; }
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pre > code.sourceCode > span { text-indent: -5em; padding-left: 5em; }
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}
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pre.numberSource code
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{ counter-reset: source-line 0; }
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pre.numberSource code > span
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{ position: relative; left: -4em; counter-increment: source-line; }
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pre.numberSource code > span > a:first-child::before
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{ content: counter(source-line);
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position: relative; left: -1em; text-align: right; vertical-align: baseline;
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border: none; display: inline-block;
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-webkit-touch-callout: none; -webkit-user-select: none;
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-khtml-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: none;
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-ms-user-select: none; user-select: none;
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padding: 0 4px; width: 4em;
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color: #aaaaaa;
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}
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pre.numberSource { margin-left: 3em; border-left: 1px solid #aaaaaa; padding-left: 4px; }
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div.sourceCode
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{ }
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@media screen {
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pre > code.sourceCode > span > a:first-child::before { text-decoration: underline; }
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}
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code span.al { color: #ff0000; font-weight: bold; }
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code span.an { color: #60a0b0; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; }
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code span.at { color: #7d9029; }
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code span.bn { color: #40a070; }
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code span.bu { color: #008000; }
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code span.cf { color: #007020; font-weight: bold; }
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code span.ch { color: #4070a0; }
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code span.cn { color: #880000; }
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code span.co { color: #60a0b0; font-style: italic; }
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code span.cv { color: #60a0b0; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; }
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code span.do { color: #ba2121; font-style: italic; }
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code span.dt { color: #902000; }
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code span.dv { color: #40a070; }
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code span.er { color: #ff0000; font-weight: bold; }
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code span.ex { }
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code span.fl { color: #40a070; }
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code span.fu { color: #06287e; }
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code span.im { color: #008000; font-weight: bold; }
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code span.in { color: #60a0b0; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; }
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code span.kw { color: #007020; font-weight: bold; }
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code span.op { color: #666666; }
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code span.ot { color: #007020; }
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code span.pp { color: #bc7a00; }
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code span.sc { color: #4070a0; }
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code span.ss { color: #bb6688; }
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code span.st { color: #4070a0; }
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code span.va { color: #19177c; }
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code span.vs { color: #4070a0; }
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code span.wa { color: #60a0b0; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; }
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</style>
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<script>
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// apply pandoc div.sourceCode style to pre.sourceCode instead
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(function() {
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var sheets = document.styleSheets;
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for (var i = 0; i < sheets.length; i++) {
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if (sheets[i].ownerNode.dataset["origin"] !== "pandoc") continue;
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try { var rules = sheets[i].cssRules; } catch (e) { continue; }
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var j = 0;
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while (j < rules.length) {
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var rule = rules[j];
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// check if there is a div.sourceCode rule
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if (rule.type !== rule.STYLE_RULE || rule.selectorText !== "div.sourceCode") {
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j++;
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continue;
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}
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var style = rule.style.cssText;
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// check if color or background-color is set
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if (rule.style.color === '' && rule.style.backgroundColor === '') {
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j++;
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continue;
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}
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// replace div.sourceCode by a pre.sourceCode rule
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sheets[i].deleteRule(j);
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sheets[i].insertRule('pre.sourceCode{' + style + '}', j);
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}
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}
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})();
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</script>
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<style type="text/css">
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body {
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background-color: #fff;
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margin: 1em auto;
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max-width: 700px;
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overflow: visible;
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padding-left: 2em;
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padding-right: 2em;
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font-family: "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
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font-size: 14px;
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line-height: 1.5;
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}
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#header {
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text-align: center;
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}
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#TOC {
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clear: both;
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padding: 4px;
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width: 100%;
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border: 1px solid #CCCCCC;
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border-radius: 5px;
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background-color: #f6f6f6;
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font-size: 13px;
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line-height: 1.3;
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}
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#TOC .toctitle {
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font-weight: bold;
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font-size: 15px;
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margin-left: 5px;
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}
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#TOC ul {
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padding-left: 40px;
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margin-left: -1.5em;
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margin-top: 5px;
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margin-bottom: 5px;
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}
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#TOC ul ul {
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margin-left: -2em;
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}
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#TOC li {
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line-height: 16px;
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}
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table {
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margin: 1em auto;
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border-width: 1px;
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border-color: #DDDDDD;
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border-style: outset;
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border-collapse: collapse;
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}
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table th {
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border-width: 2px;
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padding: 5px;
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border-style: inset;
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}
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table td {
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border-width: 1px;
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border-style: inset;
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line-height: 18px;
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padding: 5px 5px;
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}
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table, table th, table td {
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border-left-style: none;
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border-right-style: none;
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}
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table thead, table tr.even {
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background-color: #f7f7f7;
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}
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p {
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margin: 1em 0;
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}
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blockquote {
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background-color: #f6f6f6;
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padding: 0.25em 0.75em;
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}
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hr {
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border-style: solid;
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border: none;
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border-top: 1px solid #777;
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margin: 28px 0;
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}
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dl {
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margin-left: 0;
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}
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dl dd {
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margin-bottom: 13px;
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margin-left: 13px;
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}
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dl dt {
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font-weight: bold;
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}
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ul {
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margin-top: 0;
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}
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ul li {
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list-style: circle outside;
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}
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ul ul {
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margin-bottom: 0;
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}
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h3.subtitle {
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margin-top: -23px;
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}
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body pre + pre:not([class]) code.hljs, body pre + pre.fansi code.hljs {
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background-color: #EEE;
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}
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body pre + pre:not([class]), body pre + pre.fansi,
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body div.sourceCode + pre:not([class]),
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body div.sourceCode + pre.fansi {
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margin-top: -19px;
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}
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pre, code {
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background-color: #EEE;
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color: #333;
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}
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pre {
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border: 2px solid #EEE;
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overflow: auto;
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white-space: pre-wrap;
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margin: 5px 0px;
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padding: 5px 10px;
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}
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code {
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font-size: 85%;
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}
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pre:not([class]) {
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color: #353;
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}
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div.sourceCode pre, div.sourceCode code {
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background-color: #FAFAFA;
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}
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div.sourceCode pre{
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}
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div.sourceCode + pre,
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div.sourceCode + div.diffobj_container {
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margin-top: -14px;
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}
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div.diffobj_container pre{
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line-height: 1.3;
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}
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code {
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font-family: Consolas, Monaco, 'Courier New', monospace;
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}
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p > code, li > code, h1 > code, h2 > code, h3 > code,
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h4 > code, h5 > code, h6 > code {
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padding: 2px 0px;
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line-height: 1;
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font-weight: bold;
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}
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div.figure {
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text-align: center;
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}
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img {
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background-color: #FFFFFF;
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padding: 2px;
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border: 1px solid #DDDDDD;
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border-radius: 3px;
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border: 1px solid #CCCCCC;
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margin: 0 5px;
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}
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h1 {
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margin-top: 0;
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padding-bottom: 3px;
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font-size: 35px;
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line-height: 40px;
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border-bottom: 1px solid #999;
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|||
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}
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h2 {
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border-bottom: 1px solid #999;
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padding-top: 5px;
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padding-bottom: 2px;
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font-size: 145%;
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}
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h3 {
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padding-top: 5px;
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font-size: 120%;
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}
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h4 {
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color: #777;
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font-size: 105%;
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}
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h4.author, h4.date {display: none;}
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h5, h6 {
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font-size: 105%;
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}
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a {
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color: #2255dd;
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font-weight: bold;
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text-decoration: none;
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}
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a:hover {
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color: #6666ff; }
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a:visited {
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|||
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color: #800080; }
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a:visited:hover {
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|||
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color: #BB00BB; }
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|||
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a[href^="http:"] {
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|||
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text-decoration: underline; }
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|||
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a[href^="https:"] {
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|||
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text-decoration: underline; }
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|
|||
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code > span.kw { color: #555; font-weight: bold; }
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|||
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code > span.dt { color: #902000; }
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|||
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code > span.dv { color: #40a070; }
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|||
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code > span.bn { color: #d14; }
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code > span.fl { color: #d14; }
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code > span.ch { color: #d14; }
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code > span.st { color: #d14; }
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code > span.co { color: #888888; font-style: italic; }
|
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code > span.ot { color: #007020; }
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code > span.al { color: #ff0000; font-weight: bold; }
|
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code > span.fu { color: #900; font-weight: bold; }
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code > span.er { color: #a61717; background-color: #e3d2d2; }
|
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</style>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1 class="title toc-ignore">ANSI CSI SGR Sequences in Rmarkdown</h1>
|
|||
|
|
<h4 class="author">Brodie Gaslam</h4>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<div id="browsers-do-not-interpret-ansi-csi-sgr-sequences" class="section level3">
|
|||
|
|
<h3>Browsers Do Not Interpret ANSI CSI SGR Sequences</h3>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Over the past few years color has been gaining traction in the R
|
|||
|
|
terminal, particularly since Gábor Csárdi’s <a href="https://github.com/r-lib/crayon">crayon</a> made it easy to format
|
|||
|
|
text with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code">ANSI
|
|||
|
|
CSI SGR sequences</a>. At the same time the advent of JJ Alaire and
|
|||
|
|
Yihui Xie <code>rmarkdown</code> and <code>knitr</code> packages, along
|
|||
|
|
with John MacFarlane <code>pandoc</code>, made it easy to automatically
|
|||
|
|
incorporate R code and output in HTML documents.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Unfortunately ANSI CSI SGR sequences are not recognized by web
|
|||
|
|
browsers and end up rendering weirdly<a href="#f1"><sup>1</sub></a>:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb1-1"><a href="#cb1-1" tabindex="-1"></a>sgr.string <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span id="cb1-2"><a href="#cb1-2" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"</span><span class="sc">\033</span><span class="st">[43;34mday > night</span><span class="sc">\033</span><span class="st">[0m"</span>,</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span id="cb1-3"><a href="#cb1-3" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"</span><span class="sc">\033</span><span class="st">[44;33mdawn < dusk</span><span class="sc">\033</span><span class="st">[0m"</span></span>
|
|||
|
|
<span id="cb1-4"><a href="#cb1-4" tabindex="-1"></a>)</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span id="cb1-5"><a href="#cb1-5" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">writeLines</span>(sgr.string)</span></code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code>## <20>[43;34mday > night<68>[0m
|
|||
|
|
## <20>[44;33mdawn < dusk<73>[0m</code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div id="automatically-convert-ansi-csi-sgr-to-html" class="section level3">
|
|||
|
|
<h3>Automatically Convert ANSI CSI SGR to HTML</h3>
|
|||
|
|
<p><code>fansi</code> provides the <code>to_html</code> function which
|
|||
|
|
converts the ANSI CSI SGR sequences and OSC hyperlinks into HTML markup.
|
|||
|
|
When we combine it with <code>knitr::knit_hooks</code> we can modify the
|
|||
|
|
rendering of the <code>rmarkdown</code> document such that ANSI CSI SGR
|
|||
|
|
encoding is shown in the equivalent HTML.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><code>fansi::set_knit_hooks</code> is a convenience function that
|
|||
|
|
does just this. You should call it in an <code>rmarkdown</code> document
|
|||
|
|
with the:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li>Chunk option <code>results</code> set to “asis”.</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>Chunk option <code>comments</code> set to “” (empty string).</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>The <code>knitr::knit_hooks</code> object as an argument.</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
<p>The corresponding <code>rmarkdown</code> hunk should look as
|
|||
|
|
follows:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code>```{r, comment="", results="asis"}
|
|||
|
|
old.hooks <- fansi::set_knit_hooks(knitr::knit_hooks)
|
|||
|
|
```</code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
<STYLE type="text/css" scoped>
|
|||
|
|
PRE.fansi SPAN {padding-top: .25em; padding-bottom: .25em};
|
|||
|
|
</STYLE>
|
|||
|
|
<p>We run this function for its side effects, which cause the output to
|
|||
|
|
be displayed as intended:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb4"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb4-1"><a href="#cb4-1" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">writeLines</span>(sgr.string)</span></code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
<PRE class="fansi fansi-output"><CODE>## <span style="color: #0000BB; background-color: #BBBB00;">day > night</span>
|
|||
|
|
## <span style="color: #BBBB00; background-color: #0000BB;">dawn < dusk</span>
|
|||
|
|
</CODE></PRE>
|
|||
|
|
<p>If you are seeing extra line breaks in your output you may need to
|
|||
|
|
use:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code>```{r, comment="", results="asis"}
|
|||
|
|
old.hooks <- fansi::set_knit_hooks(knitr::knit_hooks, split.nl=TRUE)
|
|||
|
|
```</code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
<p>If you use <code>crayon</code> to generate your ANSI CSI SGR style
|
|||
|
|
strings you may need to set <code>options(crayon.enabled=TRUE)</code>,
|
|||
|
|
as in some cases <code>crayon</code> suppresses the SGR markup if it
|
|||
|
|
thinks it is not outputting to a terminal.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>We can also set hooks for the other types of outputs, and add some
|
|||
|
|
additional CSS styles.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code>```{r, comment="", results="asis"}
|
|||
|
|
styles <- c(
|
|||
|
|
getOption("fansi.style", dflt_css()), # default style
|
|||
|
|
"PRE.fansi CODE {background-color: transparent;}",
|
|||
|
|
"PRE.fansi-error {background-color: #DDAAAA;}",
|
|||
|
|
"PRE.fansi-warning {background-color: #DDDDAA;}",
|
|||
|
|
"PRE.fansi-message {background-color: #AAAADD;}"
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
old.hooks <- c(
|
|||
|
|
old.hooks,
|
|||
|
|
fansi::set_knit_hooks(
|
|||
|
|
knitr::knit_hooks,
|
|||
|
|
which=c("warning", "error", "message"),
|
|||
|
|
style=styles
|
|||
|
|
) )
|
|||
|
|
```</code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
<STYLE type="text/css" scoped>
|
|||
|
|
PRE.fansi SPAN {padding-top: .25em; padding-bottom: .25em};
|
|||
|
|
PRE.fansi CODE {background-color: transparent;}
|
|||
|
|
PRE.fansi-error {background-color: #DDAAAA;}
|
|||
|
|
PRE.fansi-warning {background-color: #DDDDAA;}
|
|||
|
|
PRE.fansi-message {background-color: #AAAADD;}
|
|||
|
|
</STYLE>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb7"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb7-1"><a href="#cb7-1" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">message</span>(<span class="fu">paste0</span>(sgr.string, <span class="at">collapse=</span><span class="st">"</span><span class="sc">\n</span><span class="st">"</span>))</span></code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
<PRE class="fansi fansi-message"><CODE>## <span style="color: #0000BB; background-color: #BBBB00;">day > night</span>
|
|||
|
|
## <span style="color: #BBBB00; background-color: #0000BB;">dawn < dusk</span>
|
|||
|
|
</CODE></PRE>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb8"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb8-1"><a href="#cb8-1" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">warning</span>(<span class="fu">paste0</span>(<span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">""</span>, sgr.string), <span class="at">collapse=</span><span class="st">"</span><span class="sc">\n</span><span class="st">"</span>))</span></code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
<PRE class="fansi fansi-warning"><CODE>## Warning:
|
|||
|
|
## <span style="color: #0000BB; background-color: #BBBB00;">day > night</span>
|
|||
|
|
## <span style="color: #BBBB00; background-color: #0000BB;">dawn < dusk</span>
|
|||
|
|
</CODE></PRE>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb9"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb9-1"><a href="#cb9-1" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">stop</span>(<span class="fu">paste0</span>(<span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">""</span>, sgr.string), <span class="at">collapse=</span><span class="st">"</span><span class="sc">\n</span><span class="st">"</span>))</span></code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
<PRE class="fansi fansi-error"><CODE>## Error in eval(expr, envir, enclos):
|
|||
|
|
## <span style="color: #0000BB; background-color: #BBBB00;">day > night</span>
|
|||
|
|
## <span style="color: #BBBB00; background-color: #0000BB;">dawn < dusk</span>
|
|||
|
|
</CODE></PRE>
|
|||
|
|
<p>You can restore the old hooks at any time in your document with:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb10"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb10-1"><a href="#cb10-1" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">do.call</span>(knitr<span class="sc">::</span>knit_hooks<span class="sc">$</span>set, old.hooks)</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span id="cb10-2"><a href="#cb10-2" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">writeLines</span>(sgr.string)</span></code></pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
<pre><code>## <20>[43;34mday > night<68>[0m
|
|||
|
|
## <20>[44;33mdawn < dusk<73>[0m</code></pre>
|
|||
|
|
<p>See <code>?fansi::set_knit_hooks</code> for details.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<hr />
|
|||
|
|
<p><a name="f1"></a><sup>1</sup>For illustrative purposes we output raw
|
|||
|
|
ANSI CSI SGR sequences in this document. However, because the ESC
|
|||
|
|
control character causes problems with some HTML rendering services we
|
|||
|
|
replace it with the <20> symbol. Depending on the browser and process it
|
|||
|
|
would normally not be visible at all, or substituted with some other
|
|||
|
|
symbol.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<!-- code folding -->
|
|||
|
|
|
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|
|
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|
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|
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|
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<script>
|
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(function () {
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var script = document.createElement("script");
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script.type = "text/javascript";
|
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script.src = "https://mathjax.rstudio.com/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML";
|
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document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(script);
|
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})();
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</script>
|
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|
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|
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</body>
|
|||
|
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</html>
|