254 lines
49 KiB
HTML
254 lines
49 KiB
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<title>Server Log Parsing</title>
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<h1 class="title toc-ignore">Server Log Parsing</h1>
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<h4 class="author">Jim Hester</h4>
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<h4 class="date">2021-11-24</h4>
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<p>Parsing server log files is a common task in server administration. <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF03325089">1</a>,<a href="https://stackoverflow.com/search?q=%22Apache+log%22">2</a> Historically R would not be well suited to this and it would be better performed using a scripting language such as perl. Rex, however, makes this easy to do and allows you to perform both the data cleaning and analysis in R!</p>
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<p>Common server logs consist of space separated fields.</p>
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<blockquote>
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<p>198.214.42.14 - - [21/Jul/1995:14:31:46 -0400] “GET /images/ HTTP/1.0” 200 17688</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>lahal.ksc.nasa.gov - - [24/Jul/1995:12:42:40 -0400] “GET /images/USA-logosmall.gif HTTP/1.0” 200 234</p>
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</blockquote>
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<p>The logs used in this vignette come from two months of all HTTP requests to the NASA Kennedy Space Center WWW server in Florida and are freely available for use. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181003084945/http://ita.ee.lbl.gov/html/contrib/NASA-HTTP.html">3</a></p>
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<div class="sourceCode" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb1-1"><a href="#cb1-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>parsed <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">scan</span>(<span class="st">"NASA.txt"</span>, <span class="at">what =</span> <span class="st">"character"</span>, <span class="at">sep =</span> <span class="st">"</span><span class="sc">\n</span><span class="st">"</span>) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-2"><a href="#cb1-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">re_matches</span>(</span>
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<span id="cb1-3"><a href="#cb1-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">rex</span>(</span>
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<span id="cb1-4"><a href="#cb1-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
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<span id="cb1-5"><a href="#cb1-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="co"># Get the time of the request</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-6"><a href="#cb1-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"["</span>,</span>
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<span id="cb1-7"><a href="#cb1-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">capture</span>(<span class="at">name =</span> <span class="st">"time"</span>,</span>
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<span id="cb1-8"><a href="#cb1-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">except_any_of</span>(<span class="st">"]"</span>)</span>
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<span id="cb1-9"><a href="#cb1-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ),</span>
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<span id="cb1-10"><a href="#cb1-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"]"</span>,</span>
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<span id="cb1-11"><a href="#cb1-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
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<span id="cb1-12"><a href="#cb1-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> space, double_quote, <span class="st">"GET"</span>, space,</span>
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<span id="cb1-13"><a href="#cb1-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
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<span id="cb1-14"><a href="#cb1-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="co"># Get the filetype of the request if requesting a file</span></span>
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<span id="cb1-15"><a href="#cb1-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">maybe</span>(</span>
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<span id="cb1-16"><a href="#cb1-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> non_spaces, <span class="st">"."</span>,</span>
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<span id="cb1-17"><a href="#cb1-17" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">capture</span>(<span class="at">name =</span> <span class="st">"filetype"</span>,</span>
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||
|
|
<span id="cb1-18"><a href="#cb1-18" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">except_some_of</span>(space, <span class="st">"."</span>, <span class="st">"?"</span>, double_quote)</span>
|
||
|
|
<span id="cb1-19"><a href="#cb1-19" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span>
|
||
|
|
<span id="cb1-20"><a href="#cb1-20" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span>
|
||
|
|
<span id="cb1-21"><a href="#cb1-21" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span>
|
||
|
|
<span id="cb1-22"><a href="#cb1-22" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
|
||
|
|
<span id="cb1-23"><a href="#cb1-23" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">filetype =</span> <span class="fu">tolower</span>(filetype),</span>
|
||
|
|
<span id="cb1-24"><a href="#cb1-24" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">time =</span> <span class="fu">as.POSIXct</span>(time, <span class="at">format=</span><span class="st">"%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z"</span>))</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
|
|
<p>This gives us a nicely formatted data frame of the time and filetypes of the requests.</p>
|
||
|
|
<table>
|
||
|
|
<thead>
|
||
|
|
<tr class="header">
|
||
|
|
<th align="left">time</th>
|
||
|
|
<th align="left">filetype</th>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
</thead>
|
||
|
|
<tbody>
|
||
|
|
<tr class="odd">
|
||
|
|
<td align="left">1995-07-21 14:31:46</td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left"></td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr class="even">
|
||
|
|
<td align="left">1995-07-24 12:42:40</td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left">gif</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr class="odd">
|
||
|
|
<td align="left">1995-07-02 02:30:34</td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left">gif</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr class="even">
|
||
|
|
<td align="left">1995-07-05 13:51:39</td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left"></td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr class="odd">
|
||
|
|
<td align="left">1995-07-10 23:11:49</td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left">gif</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr class="even">
|
||
|
|
<td align="left">1995-07-15 11:27:49</td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left">mpg</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr class="odd">
|
||
|
|
<td align="left">1995-07-13 11:02:50</td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left">xbm</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr class="even">
|
||
|
|
<td align="left">1995-07-23 09:11:06</td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left"></td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr class="odd">
|
||
|
|
<td align="left">1995-07-14 10:38:04</td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left">gif</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr class="even">
|
||
|
|
<td align="left">1995-07-25 09:33:01</td>
|
||
|
|
<td align="left">gif</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
</tbody>
|
||
|
|
</table>
|
||
|
|
<p>We can also easily generate a histogram of the filetypes, or a plot of requests over time.</p>
|
||
|
|
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb2"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb2-1"><a href="#cb2-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="fu">na.omit</span>(parsed)) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="fu">stat_count</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x=</span>filetype))</span>
|
||
|
|
<span id="cb2-2"><a href="#cb2-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="fu">na.omit</span>(parsed)) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="fu">geom_histogram</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x=</span>time)) <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="fu">ggtitle</span>(<span class="st">"Requests over time"</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
|
|
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
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|
||
|
|
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