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<title>Arranging multiple grobs on a page</title>
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<h1 class="title toc-ignore">Arranging multiple grobs on a page</h1>
<h4 class="author"><em>Baptiste Auguie</em></h4>
<h4 class="date"><em>2017-09-09</em></h4>
<div id="TOC">
<ul>
<li><a href="#basic-usage">Basic usage</a></li>
<li><a href="#title-andor-annotations">Title and/or annotations</a></li>
<li><a href="#complex-layouts">Complex layouts</a></li>
<li><a href="#nested-layouts-with-arrangegrob">Nested layouts with <code>arrangeGrob</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#multiple-pages-output">Multiple pages output</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>The <code>grid</code> package provides low-level functions to create graphical objects (<code>grobs</code>), and position them on a page in specific <code>viewports</code>. The <code>gtable</code> package introduced a higher-level layout scheme, arguably more amenable to user-level interaction. With the <code>arrangeGrob/grid.arrange()</code> pair of functions, <code>gridExtra</code> builds upon <code>gtable</code> to arrange multiple grobs on a page.</p>
<div id="basic-usage" class="section level2">
<h2>Basic usage</h2>
<p>In this example we mix a few grobs and plots,</p>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="kw">library</span>(gridExtra)
<span class="kw">library</span>(grid)
<span class="kw">library</span>(ggplot2)
<span class="kw">library</span>(lattice)
p &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">qplot</span>(<span class="dv">1</span>,<span class="dv">1</span>)
p2 &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">xyplot</span>(<span class="dv">1</span><span class="op">~</span><span class="dv">1</span>)
r &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">rectGrob</span>(<span class="dt">gp=</span><span class="kw">gpar</span>(<span class="dt">fill=</span><span class="st">&quot;grey90&quot;</span>))
t &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">textGrob</span>(<span class="st">&quot;text&quot;</span>)
<span class="kw">grid.arrange</span>(t, p, p2, r, <span class="dt">ncol=</span><span class="dv">2</span>)</code></pre></div>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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
</div>
<div id="title-andor-annotations" class="section level2">
<h2>Title and/or annotations</h2>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">gs &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">lapply</span>(<span class="dv">1</span><span class="op">:</span><span class="dv">9</span>, <span class="cf">function</span>(ii)
<span class="kw">grobTree</span>(<span class="kw">rectGrob</span>(<span class="dt">gp=</span><span class="kw">gpar</span>(<span class="dt">fill=</span>ii, <span class="dt">alpha=</span><span class="fl">0.5</span>)), <span class="kw">textGrob</span>(ii)))
<span class="kw">grid.arrange</span>(<span class="dt">grobs=</span>gs, <span class="dt">ncol=</span><span class="dv">4</span>,
<span class="dt">top=</span><span class="st">&quot;top label&quot;</span>, <span class="dt">bottom=</span><span class="st">&quot;bottom</span><span class="ch">\n</span><span class="st">label&quot;</span>,
<span class="dt">left=</span><span class="st">&quot;left label&quot;</span>, <span class="dt">right=</span><span class="st">&quot;right label&quot;</span>)
<span class="kw">grid.rect</span>(<span class="dt">gp=</span><span class="kw">gpar</span>(<span class="dt">fill=</span><span class="ot">NA</span>))</code></pre></div>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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
</div>
<div id="complex-layouts" class="section level2">
<h2>Complex layouts</h2>
<p>We can provide a matrix defining the layout,</p>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">lay &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">rbind</span>(<span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="dv">1</span>,<span class="dv">1</span>,<span class="dv">1</span>,<span class="dv">2</span>,<span class="dv">3</span>),
<span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="dv">1</span>,<span class="dv">1</span>,<span class="dv">1</span>,<span class="dv">4</span>,<span class="dv">5</span>),
<span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="dv">6</span>,<span class="dv">7</span>,<span class="dv">8</span>,<span class="dv">9</span>,<span class="dv">9</span>))
<span class="kw">grid.arrange</span>(<span class="dt">grobs =</span> gs, <span class="dt">layout_matrix =</span> lay)</code></pre></div>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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
<p>The layout itself may contain holes, but note that for any given grob index the region must be simply connected (no hole),</p>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">hlay &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">rbind</span>(<span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="dv">1</span>,<span class="dv">1</span>,<span class="ot">NA</span>,<span class="dv">2</span>,<span class="dv">3</span>),
<span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="dv">1</span>,<span class="dv">1</span>,<span class="ot">NA</span>,<span class="dv">4</span>,<span class="ot">NA</span>),
<span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="ot">NA</span>,<span class="dv">7</span>,<span class="dv">8</span>,<span class="dv">9</span>,<span class="ot">NA</span>))
select_grobs &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="cf">function</span>(lay) {
id &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">unique</span>(<span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="kw">t</span>(lay)))
id[<span class="op">!</span><span class="kw">is.na</span>(id)]
}
<span class="kw">grid.arrange</span>(<span class="dt">grobs=</span>gs[<span class="kw">select_grobs</span>(hlay)], <span class="dt">layout_matrix=</span>hlay)</code></pre></div>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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
<p>All cells are of equal size by default, but users may pass explicity <code>widths</code> and/or <code>heights</code> in any valid grid units, or as relative numbers (interpreted as <code>null</code>),</p>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="kw">grid.arrange</span>(<span class="dt">grobs=</span>gs[<span class="dv">1</span><span class="op">:</span><span class="dv">3</span>], <span class="dt">ncol=</span><span class="dv">2</span>, <span class="dt">widths =</span> <span class="dv">1</span><span class="op">:</span><span class="dv">2</span>,
<span class="dt">heights=</span><span class="kw">unit</span>(<span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="dv">1</span>,<span class="dv">10</span>), <span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="st">&quot;in&quot;</span>, <span class="st">&quot;mm&quot;</span>)))</code></pre></div>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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
</div>
<div id="nested-layouts-with-arrangegrob" class="section level2">
<h2>Nested layouts with <code>arrangeGrob</code></h2>
<p>The <code>grid.arrange()</code> function draws on the device; for more complex layouts, we may want to store the gtable and combine it with other objects, e.g. forming nested layouts. To this end, use <code>arrangeGrob()</code>,</p>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">g1 &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">arrangeGrob</span>(<span class="dt">grobs =</span> gs, <span class="dt">layout_matrix =</span> <span class="kw">t</span>(lay))
g2 &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">arrangeGrob</span>(<span class="dt">grobs =</span> gs, <span class="dt">layout_matrix =</span> lay)
<span class="kw">grid.arrange</span>(g1, g2, <span class="dt">ncol=</span><span class="dv">2</span>)</code></pre></div>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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
</div>
<div id="multiple-pages-output" class="section level2">
<h2>Multiple pages output</h2>
<p>Finally, we may want to place grobs on multiple pages; the <code>marrangeGrob()</code> function provides a convenient interface for this, also compatible with <code>ggsave()</code>.</p>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="kw">set.seed</span>(<span class="dv">123</span>)
pl &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">lapply</span>(<span class="dv">1</span><span class="op">:</span><span class="dv">11</span>, <span class="cf">function</span>(.x)
<span class="kw">qplot</span>(<span class="dv">1</span><span class="op">:</span><span class="dv">10</span>, <span class="kw">rnorm</span>(<span class="dv">10</span>), <span class="dt">main=</span><span class="kw">paste</span>(<span class="st">&quot;plot&quot;</span>, .x)))
ml &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">marrangeGrob</span>(pl, <span class="dt">nrow=</span><span class="dv">2</span>, <span class="dt">ncol=</span><span class="dv">2</span>)
## non-interactive use, multipage pdf
## ggsave(&quot;multipage.pdf&quot;, ml)
## interactive use; calling `dev.new` multiple times
ml</code></pre></div>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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