586 lines
614 KiB
HTML
586 lines
614 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8" />
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<meta name="generator" content="pandoc" />
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<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=EDGE" />
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<meta name="date" content="2024-09-19" />
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<title>json-aaquickstart.knit</title>
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<script>// Pandoc 2.9 adds attributes on both header and div. We remove the former (to
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// be compatible with the behavior of Pandoc < 2.8).
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document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(e) {
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var hs = document.querySelectorAll("div.section[class*='level'] > :first-child");
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var i, h, a;
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for (i = 0; i < hs.length; i++) {
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h = hs[i];
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if (!/^h[1-6]$/i.test(h.tagName)) continue; // it should be a header h1-h6
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a = h.attributes;
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while (a.length > 0) h.removeAttribute(a[0].name);
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}
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});
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</script>
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<script>/*! jQuery v3.6.0 | (c) OpenJS Foundation and other contributors | jquery.org/license */
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!function(e,t){"use strict";"object"==typeof module&&"object"==typeof module.exports?module.exports=e.document?t(e,!0):function(e){if(!e.document)throw new Error("jQuery requires a window with a document");return t(e)}:t(e)}("undefined"!=typeof window?window:this,function(C,e){"use strict";var t=[],r=Object.getPrototypeOf,s=t.slice,g=t.flat?function(e){return t.flat.call(e)}:function(e){return t.concat.apply([],e)},u=t.push,i=t.indexOf,n={},o=n.toString,v=n.hasOwnProperty,a=v.toString,l=a.call(Object),y={},m=function(e){return"function"==typeof e&&"number"!=typeof e.nodeType&&"function"!=typeof e.item},x=function(e){return null!=e&&e===e.window},E=C.document,c={type:!0,src:!0,nonce:!0,noModule:!0};function b(e,t,n){var r,i,o=(n=n||E).createElement("script");if(o.text=e,t)for(r in c)(i=t[r]||t.getAttribute&&t.getAttribute(r))&&o.setAttribute(r,i);n.head.appendChild(o).parentNode.removeChild(o)}function w(e){return null==e?e+"":"object"==typeof e||"function"==typeof e?n[o.call(e)]||"object":typeof e}var f="3.6.0",S=function(e,t){return new S.fn.init(e,t)};function p(e){var t=!!e&&"length"in e&&e.length,n=w(e);return!m(e)&&!x(e)&&("array"===n||0===t||"number"==typeof t&&0<t&&t-1 in e)}S.fn=S.prototype={jquery:f,constructor:S,length:0,toArray:function(){return s.call(this)},get:function(e){return null==e?s.call(this):e<0?this[e+this.length]:this[e]},pushStack:function(e){var t=S.merge(this.constructor(),e);return t.prevObject=this,t},each:function(e){return S.each(this,e)},map:function(n){return this.pushStack(S.map(this,function(e,t){return n.call(e,t,e)}))},slice:function(){return this.pushStack(s.apply(this,arguments))},first:function(){return this.eq(0)},last:function(){return this.eq(-1)},even:function(){return this.pushStack(S.grep(this,function(e,t){return(t+1)%2}))},odd:function(){return this.pushStack(S.grep(this,function(e,t){return t%2}))},eq:function(e){var t=this.length,n=+e+(e<0?t:0);return this.pushStack(0<=n&&n<t?[this[n]]:[])},end:function(){return this.prevObject||this.constructor()},push:u,sort:t.sort,splice:t.splice},S.extend=S.fn.extend=function(){var e,t,n,r,i,o,a=arguments[0]||{},s=1,u=arguments.length,l=!1;for("boolean"==typeof a&&(l=a,a=arguments[s]||{},s++),"object"==typeof a||m(a)||(a={}),s===u&&(a=this,s--);s<u;s++)if(null!=(e=arguments[s]))for(t in e)r=e[t],"__proto__"!==t&&a!==r&&(l&&r&&(S.isPlainObject(r)||(i=Array.isArray(r)))?(n=a[t],o=i&&!Array.isArray(n)?[]:i||S.isPlainObject(n)?n:{},i=!1,a[t]=S.extend(l,o,r)):void 0!==r&&(a[t]=r));return a},S.extend({expando:"jQuery"+(f+Math.random()).replace(/\D/g,""),isReady:!0,error:function(e){throw new Error(e)},noop:function(){},isPlainObject:function(e){var t,n;return!(!e||"[object Object]"!==o.call(e))&&(!(t=r(e))||"function"==typeof(n=v.call(t,"constructor")&&t.constructor)&&a.call(n)===l)},isEmptyObject:function(e){var t;for(t in e)return!1;return!0},globalEval:function(e,t,n){b(e,{nonce:t&&t.nonce},n)},each:function(e,t){var n,r=0;if(p(e)){for(n=e.length;r<n;r++)if(!1===t.call(e[r],r,e[r]))break}else for(r in e)if(!1===t.call(e[r],r,e[r]))break;return e},makeArray:function(e,t){var n=t||[];return null!=e&&(p(Object(e))?S.merge(n,"string"==typeof e?[e]:e):u.call(n,e)),n},inArray:function(e,t,n){return null==t?-1:i.call(t,e,n)},merge:function(e,t){for(var n=+t.length,r=0,i=e.length;r<n;r++)e[i++]=t[r];return e.length=i,e},grep:function(e,t,n){for(var r=[],i=0,o=e.length,a=!n;i<o;i++)!t(e[i],i)!==a&&r.push(e[i]);return r},map:function(e,t,n){var r,i,o=0,a=[];if(p(e))for(r=e.length;o<r;o++)null!=(i=t(e[o],o,n))&&a.push(i);else for(o in e)null!=(i=t(e[o],o,n))&&a.push(i);return g(a)},guid:1,support:y}),"function"==typeof Symbol&&(S.fn[Symbol.iterator]=t[Symbol.iterator]),S.each("Boolean Number String Function Array Date RegExp Object Error Symbol".split(" "),function(e,t){n["[object "+t+"]"]=t.toLowerCase()});var d=function(n){var e,d,b,o,i,h,f,g,w,u,l,T,C,a,E,v,s,c,y,S="sizzle"+1*new Date,p=n.document,k=0,r=0,m=ue(),x=ue(),A=ue(),N=ue(),j=function(e,t){return e===t&&(l=!0),0},D={}.hasOwnProperty,t=[],q=t.pop,L=t.push,H=t.push,O=t.slice,P=function(e
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</script>
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
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<style type="text/css">html{font-family:sans-serif;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%}body{margin:0}article,aside,details,figcaption,figure,footer,header,hgroup,main,menu,nav,section,summary{display:block}audio,canvas,progress,video{display:inline-block;vertical-align:baseline}audio:not([controls]){display:none;height:0}[hidden],template{display:none}a{background-color:transparent}a:active,a:hover{outline:0}abbr[title]{border-bottom:1px dotted}b,strong{font-weight:700}dfn{font-style:italic}h1{margin:.67em 0;font-size:2em}mark{color:#000;background:#ff0}small{font-size:80%}sub,sup{position:relative;font-size:75%;line-height:0;vertical-align:baseline}sup{top:-.5em}sub{bottom:-.25em}img{border:0}svg:not(:root){overflow:hidden}figure{margin:1em 40px}hr{height:0;-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;-moz-box-sizing:content-box;box-sizing:content-box}pre{overflow:auto}code,kbd,pre,samp{font-family:monospace,monospace;font-size:1em}button,input,optgroup,select,textarea{margin:0;font:inherit;color:inherit}button{overflow:visible}button,select{text-transform:none}button,html input[type=button],input[type=reset],input[type=submit]{-webkit-appearance:button;cursor:pointer}button[disabled],html input[disabled]{cursor:default}button::-moz-focus-inner,input::-moz-focus-inner{padding:0;border:0}input{line-height:normal}input[type=checkbox],input[type=radio]{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0}input[type=number]::-webkit-inner-spin-button,input[type=number]::-webkit-outer-spin-button{height:auto}input[type=search]{-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;-moz-box-sizing:content-box;box-sizing:content-box;-webkit-appearance:textfield}input[type=search]::-webkit-search-cancel-button,input[type=search]::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none}fieldset{padding:.35em .625em .75em;margin:0 2px;border:1px solid silver}legend{padding:0;border:0}textarea{overflow:auto}optgroup{font-weight:700}table{border-spacing:0;border-collapse:collapse}td,th{padding:0}@media print{*,:after,:before{color:#000!important;text-shadow:none!important;background:0 0!important;-webkit-box-shadow:none!important;box-shadow:none!important}a,a:visited{text-decoration:underline}a[href]:after{content:" (" attr(href) ")"}abbr[title]:after{content:" (" attr(title) ")"}a[href^="javascript:"]:after,a[href^="#"]:after{content:""}blockquote,pre{border:1px solid #999;page-break-inside:avoid}thead{display:table-header-group}img,tr{page-break-inside:avoid}img{max-width:100%!important}h2,h3,p{orphans:3;widows:3}h2,h3{page-break-after:avoid}.navbar{display:none}.btn>.caret,.dropup>.btn>.caret{border-top-color:#000!important}.label{border:1px solid #000}.table{border-collapse:collapse!important}.table td,.table th{background-color:#fff!important}.table-bordered td,.table-bordered th{border:1px solid #ddd!important}}@font-face{font-family:'Glyphicons Halflings';src:url(data:application/vnd.ms-fontobject;base64,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</style>
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<script>/*!
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* Bootstrap v3.3.5 (http://getbootstrap.com)
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* Copyright 2011-2015 Twitter, Inc.
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* Licensed under the MIT license
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*/
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if("undefined"==typeof jQuery)throw new Error("Bootstrap's JavaScript requires jQuery");+function(a){"use strict";var b=a.fn.jquery.split(" ")[0].split(".");if(b[0]<2&&b[1]<9||1==b[0]&&9==b[1]&&b[2]<1)throw new Error("Bootstrap's JavaScript requires jQuery version 1.9.1 or higher")}(jQuery),+function(a){"use strict";function b(){var a=document.createElement("bootstrap"),b={WebkitTransition:"webkitTransitionEnd",MozTransition:"transitionend",OTransition:"oTransitionEnd otransitionend",transition:"transitionend"};for(var c in b)if(void 0!==a.style[c])return{end:b[c]};return!1}a.fn.emulateTransitionEnd=function(b){var c=!1,d=this;a(this).one("bsTransitionEnd",function(){c=!0});var e=function(){c||a(d).trigger(a.support.transition.end)};return setTimeout(e,b),this},a(function(){a.support.transition=b(),a.support.transition&&(a.event.special.bsTransitionEnd={bindType:a.support.transition.end,delegateType:a.support.transition.end,handle:function(b){return a(b.target).is(this)?b.handleObj.handler.apply(this,arguments):void 0}})})}(jQuery),+function(a){"use strict";function b(b){return this.each(function(){var c=a(this),e=c.data("bs.alert");e||c.data("bs.alert",e=new d(this)),"string"==typeof b&&e[b].call(c)})}var c='[data-dismiss="alert"]',d=function(b){a(b).on("click",c,this.close)};d.VERSION="3.3.5",d.TRANSITION_DURATION=150,d.prototype.close=function(b){function c(){g.detach().trigger("closed.bs.alert").remove()}var e=a(this),f=e.attr("data-target");f||(f=e.attr("href"),f=f&&f.replace(/.*(?=#[^\s]*$)/,""));var g=a(f);b&&b.preventDefault(),g.length||(g=e.closest(".alert")),g.trigger(b=a.Event("close.bs.alert")),b.isDefaultPrevented()||(g.removeClass("in"),a.support.transition&&g.hasClass("fade")?g.one("bsTransitionEnd",c).emulateTransitionEnd(d.TRANSITION_DURATION):c())};var e=a.fn.alert;a.fn.alert=b,a.fn.alert.Constructor=d,a.fn.alert.noConflict=function(){return a.fn.alert=e,this},a(document).on("click.bs.alert.data-api",c,d.prototype.close)}(jQuery),+function(a){"use strict";function b(b){return this.each(function(){var d=a(this),e=d.data("bs.button"),f="object"==typeof b&&b;e||d.data("bs.button",e=new c(this,f)),"toggle"==b?e.toggle():b&&e.setState(b)})}var c=function(b,d){this.$element=a(b),this.options=a.extend({},c.DEFAULTS,d),this.isLoading=!1};c.VERSION="3.3.5",c.DEFAULTS={loadingText:"loading..."},c.prototype.setState=function(b){var c="disabled",d=this.$element,e=d.is("input")?"val":"html",f=d.data();b+="Text",null==f.resetText&&d.data("resetText",d[e]()),setTimeout(a.proxy(function(){d[e](null==f[b]?this.options[b]:f[b]),"loadingText"==b?(this.isLoading=!0,d.addClass(c).attr(c,c)):this.isLoading&&(this.isLoading=!1,d.removeClass(c).removeAttr(c))},this),0)},c.prototype.toggle=function(){var a=!0,b=this.$element.closest('[data-toggle="buttons"]');if(b.length){var c=this.$element.find("input");"radio"==c.prop("type")?(c.prop("checked")&&(a=!1),b.find(".active").removeClass("active"),this.$element.addClass("active")):"checkbox"==c.prop("type")&&(c.prop("checked")!==this.$element.hasClass("active")&&(a=!1),this.$element.toggleClass("active")),c.prop("checked",this.$element.hasClass("active")),a&&c.trigger("change")}else this.$element.attr("aria-pressed",!this.$element.hasClass("active")),this.$element.toggleClass("active")};var d=a.fn.button;a.fn.button=b,a.fn.button.Constructor=c,a.fn.button.noConflict=function(){return a.fn.button=d,this},a(document).on("click.bs.button.data-api",'[data-toggle^="button"]',function(c){var d=a(c.target);d.hasClass("btn")||(d=d.closest(".btn")),b.call(d,"toggle"),a(c.target).is('input[type="radio"]')||a(c.target).is('input[type="checkbox"]')||c.preventDefault()}).on("focus.bs.button.data-api blur.bs.button.data-api",'[data-toggle^="button"]',function(b){a(b.target).closest(".btn").toggleClass("focus",/^focus(in)?$/.test(b.type))})}(jQuery),+function(a){"use strict";function b(b){return this.each(function(){var d=a(this),e=d.data("bs.carousel"),f=a.extend({},c.DEFAULTS,d.data(),"object"==typeof b&&b),g="string"==typeof b?b:f.slide;e||d.data("bs.carousel",e=new c(this,f)),"number"==type
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<script>/**
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* @preserve HTML5 Shiv 3.7.2 | @afarkas @jdalton @jon_neal @rem | MIT/GPL2 Licensed
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*/
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!function(a,b){function c(a,b){var c=a.createElement("p"),d=a.getElementsByTagName("head")[0]||a.documentElement;return c.innerHTML="x<style>"+b+"</style>",d.insertBefore(c.lastChild,d.firstChild)}function d(){var a=t.elements;return"string"==typeof a?a.split(" "):a}function e(a,b){var c=t.elements;"string"!=typeof c&&(c=c.join(" ")),"string"!=typeof a&&(a=a.join(" ")),t.elements=c+" "+a,j(b)}function f(a){var b=s[a[q]];return b||(b={},r++,a[q]=r,s[r]=b),b}function g(a,c,d){if(c||(c=b),l)return c.createElement(a);d||(d=f(c));var e;return e=d.cache[a]?d.cache[a].cloneNode():p.test(a)?(d.cache[a]=d.createElem(a)).cloneNode():d.createElem(a),!e.canHaveChildren||o.test(a)||e.tagUrn?e:d.frag.appendChild(e)}function h(a,c){if(a||(a=b),l)return a.createDocumentFragment();c=c||f(a);for(var e=c.frag.cloneNode(),g=0,h=d(),i=h.length;i>g;g++)e.createElement(h[g]);return e}function i(a,b){b.cache||(b.cache={},b.createElem=a.createElement,b.createFrag=a.createDocumentFragment,b.frag=b.createFrag()),a.createElement=function(c){return t.shivMethods?g(c,a,b):b.createElem(c)},a.createDocumentFragment=Function("h,f","return function(){var n=f.cloneNode(),c=n.createElement;h.shivMethods&&("+d().join().replace(/[\w\-:]+/g,function(a){return b.createElem(a),b.frag.createElement(a),'c("'+a+'")'})+");return n}")(t,b.frag)}function j(a){a||(a=b);var d=f(a);return!t.shivCSS||k||d.hasCSS||(d.hasCSS=!!c(a,"article,aside,dialog,figcaption,figure,footer,header,hgroup,main,nav,section{display:block}mark{background:#FF0;color:#000}template{display:none}")),l||i(a,d),a}var k,l,m="3.7.2",n=a.html5||{},o=/^<|^(?:button|map|select|textarea|object|iframe|option|optgroup)$/i,p=/^(?:a|b|code|div|fieldset|h1|h2|h3|h4|h5|h6|i|label|li|ol|p|q|span|strong|style|table|tbody|td|th|tr|ul)$/i,q="_html5shiv",r=0,s={};!function(){try{var a=b.createElement("a");a.innerHTML="<xyz></xyz>",k="hidden"in a,l=1==a.childNodes.length||function(){b.createElement("a");var a=b.createDocumentFragment();return"undefined"==typeof a.cloneNode||"undefined"==typeof a.createDocumentFragment||"undefined"==typeof a.createElement}()}catch(c){k=!0,l=!0}}();var t={elements:n.elements||"abbr article aside audio bdi canvas data datalist details dialog figcaption figure footer header hgroup main mark meter nav output picture progress section summary template time video",version:m,shivCSS:n.shivCSS!==!1,supportsUnknownElements:l,shivMethods:n.shivMethods!==!1,type:"default",shivDocument:j,createElement:g,createDocumentFragment:h,addElements:e};a.html5=t,j(b)}(this,document);
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||
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|
};
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||
|
|
</script>
|
||
|
|
<script>/*! Respond.js v1.4.2: min/max-width media query polyfill * Copyright 2013 Scott Jehl
|
||
|
|
* Licensed under https://github.com/scottjehl/Respond/blob/master/LICENSE-MIT
|
||
|
|
* */
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// Only run this code in IE 8
|
||
|
|
if (!!window.navigator.userAgent.match("MSIE 8")) {
|
||
|
|
!function(a){"use strict";a.matchMedia=a.matchMedia||function(a){var b,c=a.documentElement,d=c.firstElementChild||c.firstChild,e=a.createElement("body"),f=a.createElement("div");return f.id="mq-test-1",f.style.cssText="position:absolute;top:-100em",e.style.background="none",e.appendChild(f),function(a){return f.innerHTML='­<style media="'+a+'"> #mq-test-1 { width: 42px; }</style>',c.insertBefore(e,d),b=42===f.offsetWidth,c.removeChild(e),{matches:b,media:a}}}(a.document)}(this),function(a){"use strict";function b(){u(!0)}var c={};a.respond=c,c.update=function(){};var d=[],e=function(){var b=!1;try{b=new a.XMLHttpRequest}catch(c){b=new a.ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP")}return function(){return b}}(),f=function(a,b){var c=e();c&&(c.open("GET",a,!0),c.onreadystatechange=function(){4!==c.readyState||200!==c.status&&304!==c.status||b(c.responseText)},4!==c.readyState&&c.send(null))};if(c.ajax=f,c.queue=d,c.regex={media:/@media[^\{]+\{([^\{\}]*\{[^\}\{]*\})+/gi,keyframes:/@(?:\-(?:o|moz|webkit)\-)?keyframes[^\{]+\{(?:[^\{\}]*\{[^\}\{]*\})+[^\}]*\}/gi,urls:/(url\()['"]?([^\/\)'"][^:\)'"]+)['"]?(\))/g,findStyles:/@media *([^\{]+)\{([\S\s]+?)$/,only:/(only\s+)?([a-zA-Z]+)\s?/,minw:/\([\s]*min\-width\s*:[\s]*([\s]*[0-9\.]+)(px|em)[\s]*\)/,maxw:/\([\s]*max\-width\s*:[\s]*([\s]*[0-9\.]+)(px|em)[\s]*\)/},c.mediaQueriesSupported=a.matchMedia&&null!==a.matchMedia("only all")&&a.matchMedia("only all").matches,!c.mediaQueriesSupported){var g,h,i,j=a.document,k=j.documentElement,l=[],m=[],n=[],o={},p=30,q=j.getElementsByTagName("head")[0]||k,r=j.getElementsByTagName("base")[0],s=q.getElementsByTagName("link"),t=function(){var a,b=j.createElement("div"),c=j.body,d=k.style.fontSize,e=c&&c.style.fontSize,f=!1;return b.style.cssText="position:absolute;font-size:1em;width:1em",c||(c=f=j.createElement("body"),c.style.background="none"),k.style.fontSize="100%",c.style.fontSize="100%",c.appendChild(b),f&&k.insertBefore(c,k.firstChild),a=b.offsetWidth,f?k.removeChild(c):c.removeChild(b),k.style.fontSize=d,e&&(c.style.fontSize=e),a=i=parseFloat(a)},u=function(b){var c="clientWidth",d=k[c],e="CSS1Compat"===j.compatMode&&d||j.body[c]||d,f={},o=s[s.length-1],r=(new Date).getTime();if(b&&g&&p>r-g)return a.clearTimeout(h),h=a.setTimeout(u,p),void 0;g=r;for(var v in l)if(l.hasOwnProperty(v)){var w=l[v],x=w.minw,y=w.maxw,z=null===x,A=null===y,B="em";x&&(x=parseFloat(x)*(x.indexOf(B)>-1?i||t():1)),y&&(y=parseFloat(y)*(y.indexOf(B)>-1?i||t():1)),w.hasquery&&(z&&A||!(z||e>=x)||!(A||y>=e))||(f[w.media]||(f[w.media]=[]),f[w.media].push(m[w.rules]))}for(var C in n)n.hasOwnProperty(C)&&n[C]&&n[C].parentNode===q&&q.removeChild(n[C]);n.length=0;for(var D in f)if(f.hasOwnProperty(D)){var E=j.createElement("style"),F=f[D].join("\n");E.type="text/css",E.media=D,q.insertBefore(E,o.nextSibling),E.styleSheet?E.styleSheet.cssText=F:E.appendChild(j.createTextNode(F)),n.push(E)}},v=function(a,b,d){var e=a.replace(c.regex.keyframes,"").match(c.regex.media),f=e&&e.length||0;b=b.substring(0,b.lastIndexOf("/"));var g=function(a){return a.replace(c.regex.urls,"$1"+b+"$2$3")},h=!f&&d;b.length&&(b+="/"),h&&(f=1);for(var i=0;f>i;i++){var j,k,n,o;h?(j=d,m.push(g(a))):(j=e[i].match(c.regex.findStyles)&&RegExp.$1,m.push(RegExp.$2&&g(RegExp.$2))),n=j.split(","),o=n.length;for(var p=0;o>p;p++)k=n[p],l.push({media:k.split("(")[0].match(c.regex.only)&&RegExp.$2||"all",rules:m.length-1,hasquery:k.indexOf("(")>-1,minw:k.match(c.regex.minw)&&parseFloat(RegExp.$1)+(RegExp.$2||""),maxw:k.match(c.regex.maxw)&&parseFloat(RegExp.$1)+(RegExp.$2||"")})}u()},w=function(){if(d.length){var b=d.shift();f(b.href,function(c){v(c,b.href,b.media),o[b.href]=!0,a.setTimeout(function(){w()},0)})}},x=function(){for(var b=0;b<s.length;b++){var c=s[b],e=c.href,f=c.media,g=c.rel&&"stylesheet"===c.rel.toLowerCase();e&&g&&!o[e]&&(c.styleSheet&&c.styleSheet.rawCssText?(v(c.styleSheet.rawCssText,e,f),o[e]=!0):(!/^([a-zA-Z:]*\/\/)/.test(e)&&!r||e.replace(RegExp.$1,"").split("/")[0]===a.location.host)&&("//"===e.substring(0,2)&&(e=a.location.protocol+e),d.push({href:e,media:f})))}w()};x(),c.update=x,c.getEmVal
|
||
|
|
};
|
||
|
|
</script>
|
||
|
|
<style>h1 {font-size: 34px;}
|
||
|
|
h1.title {font-size: 38px;}
|
||
|
|
h2 {font-size: 30px;}
|
||
|
|
h3 {font-size: 24px;}
|
||
|
|
h4 {font-size: 18px;}
|
||
|
|
h5 {font-size: 16px;}
|
||
|
|
h6 {font-size: 12px;}
|
||
|
|
code {color: inherit; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);}
|
||
|
|
pre:not([class]) { background-color: white }</style>
|
||
|
|
<script>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
/**
|
||
|
|
* jQuery Plugin: Sticky Tabs
|
||
|
|
*
|
||
|
|
* @author Aidan Lister <aidan@php.net>
|
||
|
|
* adapted by Ruben Arslan to activate parent tabs too
|
||
|
|
* http://www.aidanlister.com/2014/03/persisting-the-tab-state-in-bootstrap/
|
||
|
|
*/
|
||
|
|
(function($) {
|
||
|
|
"use strict";
|
||
|
|
$.fn.rmarkdownStickyTabs = function() {
|
||
|
|
var context = this;
|
||
|
|
// Show the tab corresponding with the hash in the URL, or the first tab
|
||
|
|
var showStuffFromHash = function() {
|
||
|
|
var hash = window.location.hash;
|
||
|
|
var selector = hash ? 'a[href="' + hash + '"]' : 'li.active > a';
|
||
|
|
var $selector = $(selector, context);
|
||
|
|
if($selector.data('toggle') === "tab") {
|
||
|
|
$selector.tab('show');
|
||
|
|
// walk up the ancestors of this element, show any hidden tabs
|
||
|
|
$selector.parents('.section.tabset').each(function(i, elm) {
|
||
|
|
var link = $('a[href="#' + $(elm).attr('id') + '"]');
|
||
|
|
if(link.data('toggle') === "tab") {
|
||
|
|
link.tab("show");
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
});
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
};
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// Set the correct tab when the page loads
|
||
|
|
showStuffFromHash(context);
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// Set the correct tab when a user uses their back/forward button
|
||
|
|
$(window).on('hashchange', function() {
|
||
|
|
showStuffFromHash(context);
|
||
|
|
});
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// Change the URL when tabs are clicked
|
||
|
|
$('a', context).on('click', function(e) {
|
||
|
|
history.pushState(null, null, this.href);
|
||
|
|
showStuffFromHash(context);
|
||
|
|
});
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
return this;
|
||
|
|
};
|
||
|
|
}(jQuery));
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
window.buildTabsets = function(tocID) {
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// build a tabset from a section div with the .tabset class
|
||
|
|
function buildTabset(tabset) {
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// check for fade and pills options
|
||
|
|
var fade = tabset.hasClass("tabset-fade");
|
||
|
|
var pills = tabset.hasClass("tabset-pills");
|
||
|
|
var navClass = pills ? "nav-pills" : "nav-tabs";
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// determine the heading level of the tabset and tabs
|
||
|
|
var match = tabset.attr('class').match(/level(\d) /);
|
||
|
|
if (match === null)
|
||
|
|
return;
|
||
|
|
var tabsetLevel = Number(match[1]);
|
||
|
|
var tabLevel = tabsetLevel + 1;
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// find all subheadings immediately below
|
||
|
|
var tabs = tabset.find("div.section.level" + tabLevel);
|
||
|
|
if (!tabs.length)
|
||
|
|
return;
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// create tablist and tab-content elements
|
||
|
|
var tabList = $('<ul class="nav ' + navClass + '" role="tablist"></ul>');
|
||
|
|
$(tabs[0]).before(tabList);
|
||
|
|
var tabContent = $('<div class="tab-content"></div>');
|
||
|
|
$(tabs[0]).before(tabContent);
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// build the tabset
|
||
|
|
var activeTab = 0;
|
||
|
|
tabs.each(function(i) {
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// get the tab div
|
||
|
|
var tab = $(tabs[i]);
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// get the id then sanitize it for use with bootstrap tabs
|
||
|
|
var id = tab.attr('id');
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// see if this is marked as the active tab
|
||
|
|
if (tab.hasClass('active'))
|
||
|
|
activeTab = i;
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// remove any table of contents entries associated with
|
||
|
|
// this ID (since we'll be removing the heading element)
|
||
|
|
$("div#" + tocID + " li a[href='#" + id + "']").parent().remove();
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// sanitize the id for use with bootstrap tabs
|
||
|
|
id = id.replace(/[.\/?&!#<>]/g, '').replace(/\s/g, '_');
|
||
|
|
tab.attr('id', id);
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// get the heading element within it, grab it's text, then remove it
|
||
|
|
var heading = tab.find('h' + tabLevel + ':first');
|
||
|
|
var headingText = heading.html();
|
||
|
|
heading.remove();
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// build and append the tab list item
|
||
|
|
var a = $('<a role="tab" data-toggle="tab">' + headingText + '</a>');
|
||
|
|
a.attr('href', '#' + id);
|
||
|
|
a.attr('aria-controls', id);
|
||
|
|
var li = $('<li role="presentation"></li>');
|
||
|
|
li.append(a);
|
||
|
|
tabList.append(li);
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// set it's attributes
|
||
|
|
tab.attr('role', 'tabpanel');
|
||
|
|
tab.addClass('tab-pane');
|
||
|
|
tab.addClass('tabbed-pane');
|
||
|
|
if (fade)
|
||
|
|
tab.addClass('fade');
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// move it into the tab content div
|
||
|
|
tab.detach().appendTo(tabContent);
|
||
|
|
});
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// set active tab
|
||
|
|
$(tabList.children('li')[activeTab]).addClass('active');
|
||
|
|
var active = $(tabContent.children('div.section')[activeTab]);
|
||
|
|
active.addClass('active');
|
||
|
|
if (fade)
|
||
|
|
active.addClass('in');
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if (tabset.hasClass("tabset-sticky"))
|
||
|
|
tabset.rmarkdownStickyTabs();
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// convert section divs with the .tabset class to tabsets
|
||
|
|
var tabsets = $("div.section.tabset");
|
||
|
|
tabsets.each(function(i) {
|
||
|
|
buildTabset($(tabsets[i]));
|
||
|
|
});
|
||
|
|
};
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</script>
|
||
|
|
<style type="text/css">.hljs-literal {
|
||
|
|
color: #990073;
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
.hljs-number {
|
||
|
|
color: #099;
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
.hljs-comment {
|
||
|
|
color: #998;
|
||
|
|
font-style: italic;
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
.hljs-keyword {
|
||
|
|
color: #900;
|
||
|
|
font-weight: bold;
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
.hljs-string {
|
||
|
|
color: #d14;
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
</style>
|
||
|
|
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</div>
|
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||
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|
||
|
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<div id="getting-started-with-json-and-jsonlite" class="section level1">
|
||
|
|
<h1>Getting started with JSON and jsonlite</h1>
|
||
|
|
<p>The jsonlite package is a JSON parser/generator optimized for the
|
||
|
|
web. Its main strength is that it implements a bidirectional mapping
|
||
|
|
between JSON data and the most important R data types. Thereby we can
|
||
|
|
convert between R objects and JSON without loss of type or information,
|
||
|
|
and without the need for any manual data munging. This is ideal for
|
||
|
|
interacting with web APIs, or to build pipelines where data structures
|
||
|
|
seamlessly flow in and out of R using JSON.</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre class="r"><code>library(jsonlite)
|
||
|
|
all.equal(mtcars, fromJSON(toJSON(mtcars)))</code></pre>
|
||
|
|
<pre><code>[1] TRUE</code></pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>This vignette introduces basic concepts to get started with jsonlite.
|
||
|
|
For a more detailed outline and motivation of the mapping, see: <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1403.2805">arXiv:1403.2805</a>.</p>
|
||
|
|
<div id="simplification" class="section level2">
|
||
|
|
<h2>Simplification</h2>
|
||
|
|
<p>Simplification is the process where JSON arrays automatically get
|
||
|
|
converted from a list into a more specific R class. The
|
||
|
|
<code>fromJSON</code> function has 3 arguments which control the
|
||
|
|
simplification process: <code>simplifyVector</code>,
|
||
|
|
<code>simplifyDataFrame</code> and <code>simplifyMatrix</code>. Each one
|
||
|
|
is enabled by default.</p>
|
||
|
|
<table>
|
||
|
|
<colgroup>
|
||
|
|
<col width="17%" />
|
||
|
|
<col width="46%" />
|
||
|
|
<col width="18%" />
|
||
|
|
<col width="17%" />
|
||
|
|
</colgroup>
|
||
|
|
<thead>
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<th>JSON structure</th>
|
||
|
|
<th>Example JSON data</th>
|
||
|
|
<th>Simplifies to R class</th>
|
||
|
|
<th>Argument in fromJSON</th>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
</thead>
|
||
|
|
<tbody>
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>Array of primitives</td>
|
||
|
|
<td><code>["Amsterdam", "Rotterdam", "Utrecht", "Den Haag"]</code></td>
|
||
|
|
<td>Atomic Vector</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>simplifyVector</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>Array of objects</td>
|
||
|
|
<td><code>[{"name":"Erik", "age":43}, {"name":"Anna", "age":32}]</code></td>
|
||
|
|
<td>Data Frame</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>simplifyDataFrame</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>Array of arrays</td>
|
||
|
|
<td><code>[ [1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6] ]</code></td>
|
||
|
|
<td>Matrix</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>simplifyMatrix</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
</tbody>
|
||
|
|
</table>
|
||
|
|
<div id="atomic-vectors" class="section level3">
|
||
|
|
<h3>Atomic Vectors</h3>
|
||
|
|
<p>When <code>simplifyVector</code> is enabled, JSON arrays containing
|
||
|
|
<strong>primitives</strong> (strings, numbers, booleans or null)
|
||
|
|
simplify into an atomic vector:</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre class="r"><code># A JSON array of primitives
|
||
|
|
json <- '["Mario", "Peach", null, "Bowser"]'
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Simplifies into an atomic vector
|
||
|
|
fromJSON(json)</code></pre>
|
||
|
|
<pre><code>[1] "Mario" "Peach" NA "Bowser"</code></pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>Without simplification, any JSON array turns into a list:</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre class="r"><code># No simplification:
|
||
|
|
fromJSON(json, simplifyVector = FALSE)</code></pre>
|
||
|
|
<pre><code>[[1]]
|
||
|
|
[1] "Mario"
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
[[2]]
|
||
|
|
[1] "Peach"
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
[[3]]
|
||
|
|
NULL
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
[[4]]
|
||
|
|
[1] "Bowser"</code></pre>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<div id="data-frames" class="section level3">
|
||
|
|
<h3>Data Frames</h3>
|
||
|
|
<p>When <code>simplifyDataFrame</code> is enabled, JSON arrays
|
||
|
|
containing <strong>objects</strong> (key-value pairs) simplify into a
|
||
|
|
data frame:</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre class="r"><code>json <-
|
||
|
|
'[
|
||
|
|
{"Name" : "Mario", "Age" : 32, "Occupation" : "Plumber"},
|
||
|
|
{"Name" : "Peach", "Age" : 21, "Occupation" : "Princess"},
|
||
|
|
{},
|
||
|
|
{"Name" : "Bowser", "Occupation" : "Koopa"}
|
||
|
|
]'
|
||
|
|
mydf <- fromJSON(json)
|
||
|
|
mydf</code></pre>
|
||
|
|
<pre><code> Name Age Occupation
|
||
|
|
1 Mario 32 Plumber
|
||
|
|
2 Peach 21 Princess
|
||
|
|
3 <NA> NA <NA>
|
||
|
|
4 Bowser NA Koopa</code></pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>The data frame gets converted back into the original JSON structure
|
||
|
|
by <code>toJSON</code> (whitespace and line breaks are ignorable in
|
||
|
|
JSON).</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre class="r"><code>mydf$Ranking <- c(3, 1, 2, 4)
|
||
|
|
toJSON(mydf, pretty=TRUE)</code></pre>
|
||
|
|
<pre><code>[
|
||
|
|
{
|
||
|
|
"Name": "Mario",
|
||
|
|
"Age": 32,
|
||
|
|
"Occupation": "Plumber",
|
||
|
|
"Ranking": 3
|
||
|
|
},
|
||
|
|
{
|
||
|
|
"Name": "Peach",
|
||
|
|
"Age": 21,
|
||
|
|
"Occupation": "Princess",
|
||
|
|
"Ranking": 1
|
||
|
|
},
|
||
|
|
{
|
||
|
|
"Ranking": 2
|
||
|
|
},
|
||
|
|
{
|
||
|
|
"Name": "Bowser",
|
||
|
|
"Occupation": "Koopa",
|
||
|
|
"Ranking": 4
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
] </code></pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>Hence you can go back and forth between dataframes and JSON, without
|
||
|
|
any manual data restructuring.</p>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<div id="matrices-and-arrays" class="section level3">
|
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|
|
<h3>Matrices and Arrays</h3>
|
||
|
|
<p>When <code>simplifyMatrix</code> is enabled, JSON arrays containing
|
||
|
|
<strong>equal-length sub-arrays</strong> simplify into a matrix (or
|
||
|
|
higher order R array):</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre class="r"><code>json <- '[
|
||
|
|
[1, 2, 3, 4],
|
||
|
|
[5, 6, 7, 8],
|
||
|
|
[9, 10, 11, 12]
|
||
|
|
]'
|
||
|
|
mymatrix <- fromJSON(json)
|
||
|
|
mymatrix</code></pre>
|
||
|
|
<pre><code> [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
|
||
|
|
[1,] 1 2 3 4
|
||
|
|
[2,] 5 6 7 8
|
||
|
|
[3,] 9 10 11 12</code></pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>Again, we can use <code>toJSON</code> to convert the matrix or array
|
||
|
|
back into the original JSON structure:</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre class="r"><code>toJSON(mymatrix, pretty = TRUE)</code></pre>
|
||
|
|
<pre><code>[
|
||
|
|
[1, 2, 3, 4],
|
||
|
|
[5, 6, 7, 8],
|
||
|
|
[9, 10, 11, 12]
|
||
|
|
] </code></pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>The simplification works for arrays of arbitrary dimensionality, as
|
||
|
|
long as the dimensions match (R does not support ragged arrays).</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre class="r"><code>json <- '[
|
||
|
|
[[1, 2],
|
||
|
|
[3, 4]],
|
||
|
|
[[5, 6],
|
||
|
|
[7, 8]],
|
||
|
|
[[9, 10],
|
||
|
|
[11, 12]]
|
||
|
|
]'
|
||
|
|
myarray <- fromJSON(json)
|
||
|
|
myarray[1, , ]</code></pre>
|
||
|
|
<pre><code> [,1] [,2]
|
||
|
|
[1,] 1 2
|
||
|
|
[2,] 3 4</code></pre>
|
||
|
|
<pre class="r"><code>myarray[ , ,1]</code></pre>
|
||
|
|
<pre><code> [,1] [,2]
|
||
|
|
[1,] 1 3
|
||
|
|
[2,] 5 7
|
||
|
|
[3,] 9 11</code></pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>This is all there is to it! For a more detailed outline and
|
||
|
|
motivation of the mapping, see: <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1403.2805">arXiv:1403.2805</a>.</p>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
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</div>
|
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</div>
|
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